The United States has revealed all 28 points of its proposal to end the Russia-Ukraine war to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The plan, which has been heavily criticised as far too favourable to Russia by many observers, is in its draft stage and has yet to be made public. However, a Ukrainian official is understood to have provided the details to international media.<\/p>\n
Here is a closer look at the points and the significance of this plan.<\/p>\n
What are the 28 points of Trump\u2019s proposal for Ukraine?<\/h2>\n
1. Ukraine\u2019s sovereignty will be confirmed.<\/p>\n
2. A comprehensive, non-aggression agreement will be concluded between Russia, Ukraine and Europe. All ambiguities of the last 30 years will be considered settled.<\/p>\n
3. It is expected that Russia will not invade neighbouring countries and NATO will not expand further.<\/p>\n
4. A dialogue will be held between Russia and NATO, mediated by the US, to resolve all security issues and create conditions for de-escalation to ensure global security and increase opportunities for cooperation and future economic development.<\/p>\n
5. Ukraine will receive reliable security guarantees.<\/p>\n
6. The size of the Armed Forces of Ukraine will be limited to 600,000 personnel.<\/p>\n
7. Ukraine agrees to enshrine in its constitution that it will not join NATO, and NATO agrees to include in its statutes a provision that Ukraine will not be admitted in the future.<\/p>\n
8. NATO agrees not to station troops in Ukraine.<\/p>\n
9. European fighter jets will be stationed in Poland.<\/p>\n
10. The US security guarantee will have the following caveats:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The US will receive compensation for the guarantee;<\/li>\n
- If Ukraine invades Russia, it will lose the guarantee;<\/li>\n
- If Russia invades Ukraine, in addition to a decisive coordinated military response, all global sanctions will be reinstated, recognition of the new territory and all other benefits of this deal will be revoked;<\/li>\n
- If Ukraine launches a missile at Moscow or Saint Petersburg without cause, the security guarantee will be deemed invalid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
11. Ukraine is eligible for European Union (EU) membership and will receive short-term preferential access to the EU market while this issue is being considered.<\/p>\n
12. A powerful global package of measures will be provided to rebuild Ukraine, including but not limited to:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The creation of a Ukraine Development Fund to invest in fast-growing industries, including technology, data centres and artificial intelligence.<\/li>\n
- The US will cooperate with Ukraine to jointly rebuild, develop, modernise and operate Ukraine\u2019s gas infrastructure, including pipelines and storage facilities.<\/li>\n
- Joint efforts to rehabilitate war-affected areas for the restoration, reconstruction and modernisation of cities and residential areas.<\/li>\n
- Infrastructure development.<\/li>\n
- Extraction of minerals and natural resources.<\/li>\n
- The World Bank will develop a special financing package to accelerate these efforts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
13. Russia will be reintegrated into the global economy:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The lifting of sanctions will be discussed and agreed upon in stages and on a case-by-case basis.<\/li>\n
- The US will enter into a long-term economic cooperation agreement for mutual development in the areas of energy, natural resources, infrastructure, artificial intelligence, data centres, rare earth metal extraction projects in the Arctic, and other mutually beneficial corporate opportunities.<\/li>\n
- Russia will be invited to rejoin the G8.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
14. Frozen funds will be used as follows:<\/p>\n
- \n
- $100bn in frozen Russian assets will be invested in US-led efforts to rebuild and invest in Ukraine;<\/li>\n
- The US will receive 50 percent of the profits from this venture. Europe will add $100bn to increase the amount of investment available for Ukraine\u2019s reconstruction. Frozen European funds will be unfrozen. The remainder of the frozen Russian funds will be invested in a separate US-Russian investment vehicle that will implement joint projects in specific areas. This fund will be aimed at strengthening relations and increasing common interests to create a strong incentive not to return to conflict.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
15. A joint American-Russian working group on security issues will be established to promote and ensure compliance with all provisions of this agreement.<\/p>\n
16. Russia will enshrine in law its policy of non-aggression towards Europe and Ukraine.<\/p>\n
17. The US and Russia will agree to extend the validity of treaties on the non-proliferation and control of nuclear weapons, including the START I Treaty.<\/p>\n
18. Ukraine agrees to be a non-nuclear state in accordance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).<\/p>\n
19. The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant will be launched under the supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the electricity produced will be distributed equally between Russia and Ukraine, 50:50.<\/p>\n
20. Both countries undertake to implement educational programmes in schools and society aimed at promoting understanding and tolerance of different cultures and eliminating racism and prejudice:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Ukraine will adopt EU rules on religious tolerance and the protection of linguistic minorities.<\/li>\n
- Both countries will agree to abolish all discriminatory measures and guarantee the rights of Ukrainian and Russian media and education.<\/li>\n
- All Nazi ideology and activities must be rejected and prohibited.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
21. Territories:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk will be recognised as de facto Russian, including by the US.<\/li>\n
- Kherson and Zaporizhia will be frozen along the line of contact, which will mean de facto recognition along the line of contact.<\/li>\n
- Russia will relinquish other agreed territories it controls outside the five regions.<\/li>\n
- Ukrainian forces will withdraw from the part of Donetsk oblast that they currently control, and this withdrawal zone will be considered a neutral demilitarised buffer zone, internationally recognised as territory belonging to the Russian Federation. Russian forces will not enter this demilitarised zone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
22. After agreeing on future territorial arrangements, both the Russian Federation and Ukraine undertake not to change these arrangements by force. Any security guarantees will not apply in the event of a breach of this commitment.<\/p>\n
23. Russia will not prevent Ukraine from using the Dnipro River for commercial activities, and agreements will be reached on the free transport of grain across the Black Sea.<\/p>\n
24. A humanitarian committee will be established to resolve outstanding issues:<\/p>\n
- \n
- All remaining prisoners and bodies will be exchanged on an \u201call for all\u201d basis.<\/li>\n
- All civilian detainees and hostages will be returned, including children.<\/li>\n
- A family reunification programme will be implemented.<\/li>\n
- Measures will be taken to alleviate the suffering of the victims of the conflict.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
25. Ukraine will hold elections in 100 days.<\/p>\n
26. All parties involved in this conflict will receive full amnesty for their actions during the war and agree not to make any claims or consider any complaints in the future.<\/p>\n
27. This agreement will be legally binding. Its implementation will be monitored and guaranteed by the Peace Council, headed by President Donald J Trump. Sanctions will be imposed for violations.<\/p>\n
28. Once all parties agree to this memorandum, the ceasefire will take effect immediately after both sides retreat to the agreed points to begin implementation of the agreement.<\/p>\n
How has Ukraine reacted to these proposals?<\/h2>\n
Zelenskyy met with US Army officials in Kyiv on Thursday to discuss the proposals, which have been drawn up by US and Russian officials without any input from Ukraine or its European allies.<\/p>\n
After the meeting, Zelenskyy said in an address: \u201cThe American side presented points of a plan to end the war \u2013 their vision. I outlined our key principles. We agreed that our teams will work on the points to ensure it\u2019s all genuine.\u201d<\/p>\n
Zelenskyy added, \u201cFrom the first days of the war, we have upheld one very simple position: Ukraine needs peace. A real peace \u2013 one that will not be broken by a third invasion. A dignified peace \u2013 with terms that respect our independence, our sovereignty and the dignity of the Ukrainian people.\u201d<\/p>\n
The Ukrainian president said that he will now discuss the proposals with Ukraine\u2019s European allies.<\/p>\n
Does this mean Ukraine and its allies will accept the proposal?<\/h2>\n
No.<\/p>\n
\u201cZelenskyy had a nuanced response \u2013 he said \u2018We will work on it\u2019,\u201d Keir Giles, a Eurasia expert at the London political think tank Chatham House, told Al Jazeera.<\/p>\n
However, he added that agreeing to the terms of the plan in its current form would be \u201ccatastrophic\u201d for Ukraine because of the heavy concessions Kyiv is being asked to make.<\/p>\n
While European leaders have not reacted to the 28-point plan, they have indicated that they would not accept a plan that requires Ukraine to make such concessions.<\/p>\n
\u201cUkrainians want peace \u2013 a just peace that respects everyone\u2019s sovereignty, a durable peace that can\u2019t be called into question by future aggression,\u201d said French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot. \u201cBut peace cannot be a capitulation.\u201d<\/p>\n
For now, Ukraine\u2019s allies are not commenting. European Council President Antonio Costa said that the EU has not yet been officially informed about the US plan, so \u201cit makes no sense to comment\u201d on it.<\/p>\n
More reactions from Europe might come starting from Saturday, when Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen will speak at the G20 summit.<\/p>\n
\u201cA 28-point plan was made public. We will discuss the situation both with European leaders and with leaders here on the sidelines of the G20,\u201d von der Leyen said, according to UK media.<\/p>\n
What are Russia and the US saying about this plan now?<\/h2>\n
The US has not made details of the plan public, and officials from Washington have not commented on it.<\/p>\n
Russia has denied that there have been formal consultations between the US and Russia on a peace plan.<\/p>\n
\u201cConsultations are not currently under way. There are contacts, of course, but there is no process that could be called consultations,\u201d Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said.<\/p>\n
Meanwhile, Hungarian PM and close Trump ally Viktor Orban seemed to back the plan on Friday.<\/p>\n
In an X post, Orban wrote that Trump\u2019s plan had \u201cgained new momentum\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe American President is a persistent maverick. If he had been President at the time, the war would never have broken out. It is clear that once he sets his mind on something, he does not let it go, and he has certainly set his mind on ending the Russian-Ukrainian war,\u201d Orban wrote.<\/p>\n
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President @realDonaldTrump<\/a>‘s peace initiative has gained new momentum. A 28-point peace plan is on the table, an American negotiating delegation is in Kyiv, and expectations are high worldwide. The American President is a persistent maverick. If he had been President at the time,\u2026 pic.twitter.com\/J2cagATvc5<\/a><\/p>\n
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